Abstract
Grain size is one of key agronomic traits associated with grain yield and grain quality. Both major QTLs GS3 and GL3.1 play a predominant role in negative regulation of grain size. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing system was used to simultaneously edit GS3 and GL3.1 in a typical japonica rice Nipponbare. In T1 generation, we found that gs3 formed slender grain with lower chalkiness percentage, while gs3gl3.1 produced larger grain with higher chalkiness percentage. In term of other agronomic traits, the flag leaf size, grain number and grain yield of both gs3 and gs3gl3.1 were affected; It is noteworthy that gs3 mutant and gs3gl3.1 mutant both led to dramatical reduction of grain number, thereby decreased grain yield. In conclusion, these results indicated that knockout of GS3 and GL3.1 could be rapidly improve grain size, but probably had some negative influence on grain quality and grain yield.
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